De Bagdad à Constantinople: Le transfert des savoirs médicaux (XIe-XIVe siècles)

Actes du colloque international de Reims, 24-25 mai 2018

Dans le processus de la translatio studiorum, deux étapes sont désormais bien connues: le mouvement de traduction des textes grecs en arabe dans la Bagdad abbasside aux IXe-Xe siècles et celui des traductions arabo-latines dans l’Occident médiéval entre le XIe et le XIVe siècle. Néanmoins les Byzantins ont longtemps semblé éloignés de ce vaste échange de savoirs circulant d’une rive à l’autre de la Méditerranée. Explorant le phénomène peu étudié de la transmission des savoirs médicaux arabes à Byzance du XIe au XIVe siècle, ce volume collectif entend mettre en évidence la part active prise par les Byzantins à cette érudition pluriculturelle par une ouverture aux théories et aux pratiques médicales de leurs voisins orientaux et occidentaux. Le livre tente ainsi de retracer l’histoire de ce chaînon de transmission grâce à des enquêtes historiques et par l’étude philologique des traductions. Il offre, en outre, l’édition critique et la traduction de deux traductions arabo-byzantines inédites : le traité Sur le manuel de la santé d’après l’équilibre des six causes de Syméon Seth qui traduit partiellement les Tables de la santé (Taqwim al-sihha, en latin Tacuinum sanitatis) d’Ibn Butlan et une traduction anonyme de l’Épître sur l’oubli et son traitement d’Ibn al-Gazzar.

In the process of the translatio studiorum, two stages are nowadays well-known: the translation of Greek texts into Arabic in Abbasid Baghdad in the 9th-10th centuries, and the Arabo-Latin translations in medieval Western Europe between the 11th and 14th centuries. However, for a long time, Byzantines have appeared distant from this extensive exchange of knowledge circulating from one side to the other of the Mediterranean. Exploring the understudied phenomenon of the transmission of Arab medical knowledge to Byzantium from the 11th to the 14th century, this collective volume aims to highlight that the Byzantines actively participated in this multicultural erudition by embracing the medical theories and practices of their Eastern and Western neighbours. The book attempts to trace the history of this chain through historical investigations and philological study of translations. Furthermore, it includes a critical edition and translation of two previously unpublished Arabo-Byzantine translations: the treatise On the Manual of Health According to the Balance of the Six Causes by Symeon Seth, which partially translates Ibn Butlan's Almanac of Health (Taqwim al-sihha, in Latin Tacuinum sanitatis), and an anonymous translation of Ibn al-Gazzar's Epistle on Forgetfulness and Its Treatment.

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