2026-2027 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 13

Refractive Surgery
Explore advancements in refractive and intraocular surgery with updates on ray-tracing guided ablations, KLEx, light-adjustable lenses, and innovative presbyopia treatments. Detailed procedures, case reports, and interactive activities enhance the clinical understanding of modern ocular interventions.
Section 13 of the Academy's Basic and Clinical Science Course™ (BCSC®) covers the science of refractive surgery, examines specific procedures and potential complications in refractive surgery as well as refractive surgery in ocular and systemic disease, and accommodative and nonaccommodative treatment of presbyopia. In addition, the book includes information on lens implants.

This major revision features a new discussion of ray tracing–guided ablations and outcomes. Several topics have been updated and expanded, such as the discussions of surface ablation over previous photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), light adjustable lenses, medical treatments for presbyopia, and presbyopia correction.

BCSC Section 13 includes 3 case reports in the new online Appendix that address and demonstrate LASIK treatment customization using wavefront, topography, and ray-tracing technologies. It also features a chapter focusing on keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx), a review of advances in intraocular lens (IOL) technology, and coverage of intraocular refractive surgery.

Deepen your understanding with 17 interactive online activities and videos, which include a new interactive case study on epithelial ingrowth and a new video on the insertion of a presbyopia-correcting extended depth of focus IOL (EDOF IOL).

About the BCSC

The Academy's Basic and Clinical Science Course™ is ophthalmology’s definitive source of clinical information. Practicing ophthalmologists and residents worldwide use the BCSC® to ensure the highest-quality patient care.

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