Free to Lose

An Introduction to Marxist Economic Philosophy
Roemer challenges the morality of an economic system based on private ownership of the means of production. Unless you start with a certain amount of wealth in such a society, you are only “free to lose.” This book addresses crucial questions of political philosophy and normative economics.
Attacking the usefulness of such central Marxian concepts as the labor theory of value and surplus value, John Roemer reconstructs Marxian economic philosophy from the concepts of exploitation and class, showing that exploitation can be derived from a system of property relations. He then looks at the causes of the unequal distribution of wealth, including robbery and plunder, willingness to take risks, differential rates of time preference, luck, and entrepreneurship. He further examines the evolution of property systems—slave, feudal, capitalist, socialist—from the perspective of the theory of historical materialism, and ends by analyzing the properties of a social system in which ownership of productive assets in the external world is public, while ownership of internal productive assets—skills and talents—is private.