Microbiome in Neurological Conditions, Volume 180, the latest release in the International Review of Neurobiology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this volume presenting insightful chapters written by an international board of authors. Chapters in this volume explore the role of microbiome dysbiosis in neurological and psychiatric disorders, including its influence on neurochemical production in Parkinson’s Disease, immune system dysregulation in Huntington’s Disease, and alterations in the enteric neuromuscular system in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Other chapters examine the impact of microbial imbalances on psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and ADHD, along with the effects of perinatal antibiotic exposure and microbiome-based dietary supplements on brain health. This volume also delves into bacterial and viral infections linked to neuroinflammation and neuromuscular impairments, as well as maternal infections contributing to congenital neurological conditions. Offering a comprehensive perspective on the microbiome’s role in brain function and disease, this book provides valuable insights for researchers, clinicians, and those interested in the intersection of microbiology and neurology.