Domesticating Revolution

From Socialist Reform to Ambivalent Transition in a Bulgarian Village
This text assesses the impact of socialist collectivization on Bulgaria's rural economy over the past 50 years through a case study of one village. Since 1989, Bulgarian villagers have struggled to defend their earlier gains against both proto-capitalists and rehabilitated socialists.

The collapse of state socialism in 1989 focused attention on the transition to democracy and capitalism in Eastern Europe. But for many people who actually lived through the transition, the changes were often disappointing. Perhaps none were more disappointed than the villagers of rural Bulgaria whose very lifestyles and identities were threatened by the transition. Domesticating Revolution explains this unexpected outcome through a detailed study of economic reform in one Bulgarian village, from the beginning of collectivization in the 1940s to decollectivization efforts in the 1990s.

Gerald Creed is the only American anthropologist to have conducted extended fieldwork in a single Bulgarian village both during and after the socialist era. This work has enabled him to document the precise connections between socialist practice and postsocialist developments. He suggests that by simply doing what they could to improve their difficult lot under socialism, Bulgarian villagers gradually domesticated the socialist system. This very achievement, however, set the stage for an ambivalent transition after 1989 as villagers sought to defend their earlier gains against new threats. Ironically, they appealed to domesticated socialism in a failed effort to domesticate the transition as well.

Domesticating Revolution will force scholars to rethink both their models of state socialism and their interpretations of the transition.

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