{"product_id":"9781800348158-early-modern-atheism-spinoza-to-dholbac","title":"Early Modern Atheism from Spinoza to d’Holbach","description":"\u003cmeta content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cp\u003eExamining the birth and development of early modern atheism from Spinoza’s \u003ci\u003eTractatus theologico-politicus\u003c\/i\u003e (1670) to d’Holbach’s \u003ci\u003eSystème de la nature\u003c\/i\u003e (1770), this study considers Spinoza, Hobbes, Cudworth, Bayle, Meslier, Boulainviller, Du Marsais, Fréret, Toland, Collins, Hume, Diderot, Voltaire, and d’Holbach and positions them in a general interpretive scheme, based on the idea that early modern atheism is itself an unwanted fruit of early modern metaphysics and theology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBreaking with a long-standing tradition, Descartes claimed that it was possible to have a \"clear and distinct\" idea of God, indeed that the idea of God was the \"clearest and most distinct\" of all ideas accessible to the human mind. Humans could thus obtain a scientific knowledge of God’s nature and attributes. But as soon as God became an object of science, He also became the object of a thoroughgoing scientific analysis and criticism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe effortlessness\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003ewith which early modern atheists managed to turn round their adversaries’ arguments to their own favour is a sign that the new doctrines of God which emerged in the seventeenth-century, each based in its own way on principles and dogmas related to the new science of nature, were plunging headfirst towards the precipice under their own steam.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Rarewaves","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41593143558241,"sku":"9781800348158","price":114.97,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0092\/7504\/8033\/files\/orig_28921327.jpg?v=1723047443","url":"https:\/\/www.rarewaves.com\/products\/9781800348158-early-modern-atheism-spinoza-to-dholbac","provider":"Rarewaves.com","version":"1.0","type":"link"}