{"product_id":"9781780409856-seawater-reverse-osmosis-desalination","title":"Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination","description":"\u003cmeta content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAssessment \u0026amp; Pre-treatment of Fouling and Scaling\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eDesalination as a method to provide clean drinking water has become vital – particularly in a context where drought, water scarcity and rapid quality decrease of water bodies have become an undeniable reality. After more than half a century of membrane-based desalination, fouling and scaling is still a dominant challenge. In membrane technologies, in particular, fouling and scaling are a major issue with respect to design, operation, reliability of the technologies and cost. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis textbook covers theory and practice and is intended for designers, operators, consultants, suppliers and students. Principles of ultra- and nanofiltration and reverse osmosis (RO) are discussed, enabling the reader to understand the link between design, operation and fouling and scaling. Fouling (particulate, organic -including algal bloom events, inorganic, and biofouling) and scaling are treated in detail, including parameters to determine fouling and scaling potential of feed waters. Principles of conventional and advanced pre-treatment processes are highlighted and their effect on preventing fouling and scaling. In addition, the process design of RO systems and the recent advances in seawater RO and emerging membrane-based processes for seawater desalination are presented.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Rarewaves","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57918624858486,"sku":"9781780409856","price":148.35,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/www.rarewaves.com\/products\/9781780409856-seawater-reverse-osmosis-desalination","provider":"Rarewaves.com","version":"1.0","type":"link"}