{"product_id":"9780813044675-sons-of-ishmael","title":"Sons of Ishmael","description":"\u003cmeta content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMuslims Through European Eyes in the Middle Ages\u003cbr\u003eJohn Tolan is one of the world's foremost scholars in the field of early Christian\/Muslim interactions. These eleven essays explore, in greater depth than his previous books, a wide variety of topics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Bible and Qur'an agree that Arabs were the descendants of Ishmael, son of Abraham and Hagar. Ishmael is described in Genesis as \"\"a wild man; his hand will be against every man and every man's hand against him.\"\" To many medieval Christians, this was a prophecy of the violence and enmity between Ishmael's progeny and the Christians--spiritual descendants of his half-brother Isaac.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYet Tolan also discusses areas of convergence between Christendom and Islam such as the devotion to the Virgin Mary in twelfth-century Syria and Egypt and the chivalrous myths surrounding Muslim princes, especially Saladin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBy providing a closer look at the ways Europeans perceived Islam and Muslims in the Middle Ages, Tolan opens a window into understanding the roots of current stereotypes of Muslims and Arabs in Western culture.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Rarewaves","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56844526027126,"sku":"9780813044675","price":18.45,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0092\/7504\/8033\/files\/orig_38147707.jpg?v=1765453727","url":"https:\/\/www.rarewaves.com\/products\/9780813044675-sons-of-ishmael","provider":"Rarewaves.com","version":"1.0","type":"link"}